Estimating the open biomass burning emissions in central and eastern China from 2003 to 2015 based on satellite observation
Jian Wu1, Shaofei Kong2, Fangqi Wu2, Yi Cheng2, Shurui Zheng2, Qin Yan1, Huang Zheng2, Guowei Yang2,
Mingming Zheng1, Dantong Liu3, Delong Zhao4, and Shihua Qi1,5
1Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental Studies,
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
2Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences,
Wuhan, 430074, China
3Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester M13 9PL, UK
4Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
5State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Correspondence: Shaofei Kong (kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn) and Shihua Qi (shihuaqi@cug.edu.cn)
Abstract. Open biomass burning (OBB) has significant impacts on air pollution, climate change and potential human
health. OBB has gathered wide attention but with little focus on the annual variation of pollutant emission. Central
and eastern China (CEC) is one of the most polluted regions in China. This study aims to provide a state-of-theart estimation of the pollutant emissions from OBB in CEC from 2003 to 2015, by adopting the satellite observation dataset – the burned area product (MCD64Al) and the active fire product (MCD14 ML) – along with local biomass data (updated biomass loading data and high-resolution vegetation data) and local emission factors. The successful adoption of the double satellite dataset for long-term estimation of pollutants from OBB with a high spatial resolution can
support the assessing of OBB on regional air quality, especially for harvest periods or dry seasons. It is also useful to evaluate the effects of annual OBB management policies in different regions. Here, monthly emissions of pollutants were estimated and allocated into a 1 × 1 km spatial grid for four types of OBB including grassland, shrubland, forest and cropland. From 2003 to 2015, the emissions from forest, shrubland and grassland fire burning had an annual fluctuation, whereas the emissions from crop straw burning steadily increased. The cumulative emissions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), methane (CH4), nitric oxide (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and fine particles (PM2:5) were 3:64×103, 2:87×102, 3:05×103, 1:82×103, 6:4×103, 2:12×102, 4:67×102, 4:59×104, 9:39×105 and 4:13 × 103 Gg in these years, respectively. Crop straw burning was the largest contributor for all pollutant emissions, by 84 %–96 %. For the forest, shrubland and grassland fire burning, forest fire burning emissions contributed the m st, and emissions from grassland fire were negligible due to little grass coverage in this region. High pollutant emissions concentrated in the connection area of Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui, with emission intensity higher than 100 tons per square kilometer, which was related to the frequent agricultural activities in these regions. Peak emission of pollutants occurred urig summer and autumn harvest periods including May, June, September and October, during which ∼ 50 % of the total pollutant emissions were emitted in these months. This study highlights the importance of controlling the crop straw burning emissions. From December to March, the crop residue burning emissions decreased, while the emissions from forest, shrubland and grassland exhibited their highest values, leading to another small peak in emissions of pollutants. Obvious regional differences in seasonal variations of OBB were observed due to different local biomass types and environmental conditions. Rural population, agricultural output, economic levels, local burning habits, social customs and management policies were all influencing factors for OBB emissions.
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 11623-11646, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11623-2018
